南方测绘集团董事长马超在近日举办的厦门装备展上发表了题为“测绘仪器行业艰难的转型之路”的报告， 引起业内企业的共鸣。
Ma Chao, chairman of the southern surveying and mapping group, released a report on the difficult transformation road of the surveying and mapping instrument industry at the Xiamen equipment exhibition held recently.
众所周知，近年来我国的测绘仪器行业发展遭遇“瓶颈期”，很多测绘仪器企业甚至地理信息企业都在思考，未来测绘仪器的发展出路何在，有哪些机遇和挑战?测绘仪器企业应如何转型升级才能适应市场的需求，才能未来市场竞争中利于不败之地?
As everyone knows, in recent years the development of China's surveying and mapping instrument industry encounter bottleneck, many enterprises and even the instrument of Surveying and mapping geographic information enterprises are thinking about the way out of the future development of Surveying and mapping instruments where, what are the opportunities and challenges? How enterprises should upgrade the surveying instrument can meet the demand of the market, to the future competition in the market for an invincible position?
在笔者看来，问题的核心只有一个，那就是——测绘仪器企业应该如何超越自我，迎接未来空间大数据和智慧地理信息服务构建的新地理信息体系时代。
In my view, the core of the problem is only one: how should surveying and mapping enterprises go beyond themselves to meet the new geographic information system era of big data and intelligent geographic information service in the future.
首先，回顾我国测绘仪器和测绘企业发展的历史。
First, review the history of China's surveying and mapping equipment and the development of Surveying and mapping enterprises.
在上世纪90年代以前，由于测绘工作总量较小，作业模式单一，测绘仪器种类少，且使用周期长，因此测绘仪器行业需求量小，市场值不大。当时地理信息产业尚未形成，测绘产业几乎是我国地理信息产业的全部，与测绘经济相同，测绘仪器企业几乎全部都是典型的国有企业，产品在质量和精度上与进口产品有较大差距。
Before the 90s of the last century, due to the small total amount of Surveying and mapping work, the single operation mode, the fewer types of surveying instruments, and the long usage cycle, the demand for surveying and mapping instrument industry is small and the market value is not large. At that time, the geographic information industry has not yet formed. The surveying and mapping industry is almost all of the geographic information industry in China. It is almost the same as the surveying and mapping economy. Almost all the surveying and mapping enterprises are typical state-owned enterprises. There is a big gap between the quality and precision of the products and the imported products.
从上世纪80年代末开始到90年代初，两个因素极大推动了测绘产业的发展，也激活了测绘仪器市场。一是我国经济的飞速发展，国民经济建设中大量基础设施建设的开展;二是数字全站仪和GPS-RTK技术发展，使测绘工作发生了革命性变化。
From the end of the 80s of the last century to the beginning of 90s, the two factors greatly promoted the development of the surveying and mapping industry, and also activated the market of Surveying and mapping instruments. The first is the rapid development of China's economy and the development of a large number of infrastructure facilities in the national economic construction. The two is the development of digital total station and GPS-RTK technology, which has made revolutionary changes in surveying and mapping.
测绘从模拟测绘向数字测绘转变，我国测绘仪器市场迎来了巨大机遇。然而，与很多高精尖行业在改革开放初期遇到的情况一样，高技术、高附加值、具有革新性的高端测绘仪器市场基本上被国外产品垄断，产品价格奇高，某些产品还禁止出售，不少国企因此破产倒闭。
Mapping from analog to digital mapping, China's surveying and mapping instrument market has ushered in a huge opportunity. However, faced with many sophisticated industry in the early stage of reform and opening up as in the case of high technology, high value-added, innovative high-end surveying instrument market is basically monopolized by foreign products, product prices high, some products also prohibit the sale, many state-owned enterprises went bankrupt.
但是，很多人也由此看到了我国测绘仪器市场的重大机遇，开始建立民营测绘仪器企业。
However, a lot of people also see the great opportunity of the survey instrument market in our country, and start to establish the private surveying and mapping equipment enterprises.
我国测绘仪器企业经历了“代理进口产品——仿制制造——独立研发”的过程。从我国信息业发展的经验来看，这种方法是很合理的，而我国测绘仪器企业发展到今天，这种模式也证明是基本成功的。
China's surveying and mapping enterprises have experienced the process of "agent import products - imitation manufacturing - independent research and development". From the experience of the development of information industry in China, this method is very reasonable, and the development of Surveying and mapping instrument enterprises in China has proved to be basically successful.
现在，国内产品在技术、性能、精度和质量上逐渐赶上了进口产品，而且价格远低于进口产品，很多价格高昂的测绘仪器实现了平民化，最终导致国内测绘仪器市场的洗牌。如今，在中国测绘仪器市场上，国产产品的市场占有率超过了50%，一些产品出口国外并取得了一定有影响力。
Now, domestic products are catching up with imported products in terms of technology, performance, accuracy and quality, and the price is far lower than that of imported products. Many expensive surveying and mapping instruments have become civilians, leading to the reshuffle of the domestic surveying and mapping instrument market. Now, in the Chinese surveying and mapping market, the market share of domestic products is more than 50%. Some products have been exported to foreign countries and have made certain influence.
从整体上看，中国测绘仪器行业以及测绘企业发展都取得了很大成绩。但是，随着时间的推移，隐藏在行业发展中的矛盾逐渐暴露出来。正是这种矛盾的激化，才有了马超先生“测绘仪器行业艰难的转型之路”一文。而这种矛盾，实际上是产业发展到一定程度的瓶颈。
As a whole, China's surveying and mapping industry and the development of Surveying and mapping enterprises have made great achievements. However, as time goes on, the contradictions hidden in the development of the industry are gradually exposed. It is the intensification of this contradiction that the text of Mr. Ma Chao's "road of difficult transformation in surveying and mapping industry". In fact, this kind of contradiction is the bottleneck of the industrial development to a certain extent.
测绘仪器行业的瓶颈是什么?为什么会出现?
What are the bottlenecks in the surveying and mapping industry and why?
首先，从产品技术上看。
First of all, from the product technology.
中国测绘仪器的优势是价格优势，属于劳动密集型产品，附加值低。目前我国高端测绘设备基本上被德国莱卡、日本拓普康等垄断，国产高端测绘设备国内市场占有率只有10%左右，特别是数码航摄仪、倾斜摄影仪、机载激光雷达、轻小型合成孔径雷达、传感器等设备基本被进口垄断。
The advantages of China's surveying and mapping instruments are price advantages, which belong to labor-intensive products with low added value. At present, China's high-end mapping equipment basically by Germany Leica, Japan TOPCON monopoly, the domestic high-end equipment and domestic market share of only about 10%, especially the digital aerial camera, camera tilt, airborne laser radar, synthetic aperture radar, light sensors and other equipment are the basic import monopoly.
技术密集型产品的不足，严重影响了国产测绘仪器的品牌竞争力，也使我国测绘仪器企业发展遇到阻碍。
The shortage of technology intensive products has seriously affected the brand competitiveness of domestic surveying and mapping instruments, and also hindered the development of Surveying and mapping enterprises in China.
其次，从市场竞争上看。
Secondly, from the market competition.
从上世纪末，我国国产测绘仪器企业如雨后春笋般出现，但是由于缺乏行业规范，同质化竞争严重。在这种情况下，很多设备卖出低于成本的“白菜价”，其结果就是产品质量或服务大打折扣，损害供求两方利益。
Since the end of last century, China's domestic surveying and mapping enterprises have sprung up like bamboo shoots after the rain, but because of the lack of industry norms, the homogenization of competition is serious. Under such circumstances, many devices sell less than the cost of "cabbage price", the result is that product quality or service is greatly reduced, which will damage the two party interests of supply and demand.
市场竞争是市场自我调节的重要手段，但是恶性竞争却可能会损害多方面的利益。虽然最终会实现市场洗牌和重组，但是形成的成果已经大打折扣。
Market competition is an important means of self-regulation of the market, but the vicious competition may damage the interests of many aspects. Although the market shuffle and restructuring will eventually be realized, the results have been discounted.
再次，从技术发展上看，新技术发展可能导致传统仪器设备的需求量急剧降低。
Thirdly, from the view of technological development, the development of new technology may lead to a sharp decrease in the demand of traditional instruments and equipment.
随着技术发展，用户对地理信息数据更新要求越来越快，数据范围也越来越大，传统的地理信息采集方法已经无法满足要求。在市场的推动下，出现了很多新的地理信息技术，而这些技术也成为传统测绘仪器设备市场份额降低的推手。
With the development of technology, users' demand for updating geographic information data is faster and faster, and the data range is also increasing. Traditional geographic information collection method has been unable to meet the requirements. With the promotion of the market, a lot of new geographic information technology has emerged, and these technologies have also become a push for the reduction of the market share of traditional surveying and mapping equipment.
如最流行的无人机低空摄影测量和倾斜摄影测量，已经实现了最大比例尺的1:500比例尺DLG成图，未来该作业方法逐渐成熟后，将可能极大程度替代传统大比例尺地形图测图方法，也可能威胁传统测绘仪器特别是全站仪的市场，而我国各地都建立的大地水准面模型，并在此基础上进一步精化，未来几年，我国各地的大地水准面模型精度可能接
As the most popular UAV low altitude photogrammetry and tilt photogrammetry, has realized the 1:500 scale DLG the maximum scale of the chart, the future of the operation methods gradually mature, will greatly replace the mapping methods of traditional large scale topographic map, also may pose a threat to traditional surveying instruments especially the total station market in China all the geoid model, and on the basis of further refinement, the next few years, the accuracy of our country geoid model potential